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A formal gathering of church leaders to settle doctrinal or practical questions — the model is set by the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15
The first church council appears in Acts 15, when leaders met in Jerusalem to decide whether Gentile converts had to keep the Mosaic Law. Their answer set the pattern for every later council — Nicaea (325), Constantinople (381), Chalcedon (451) — Scripture argued through, decisions issued in writing, the wider church holding leaders accountable.