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Deuteronomy 20 — God drops a military handbook and it's way more humane than you'd expect
6 min read
nocap.bible editorialis still laying out the rules for how is supposed to operate as a nation. They're about to into the , and that means conflict is coming. Wars, sieges, enemy cities — all of it.
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But God doesn't just send them into battle blind. He gives them a full playbook — who fights, who gets to sit this one out, how to approach enemy cities, and even rules about what you can and can't destroy during a siege. This isn't chaos. This is a nation operating under God's authority, even in war.
Before any battle even starts, God addresses the biggest problem: fear. is about to face armies with horses, chariots, and way more soldiers. On paper, they're outmatched every time.
"When you roll up to battle and see horses, chariots, and an army that way outnumbers you — don't be shook. The Lord your God is with you. He's the same God who brought you out of Egypt. He's done this before."
And it's not just a general pep talk. The himself was supposed to step forward before battle and address the troops directly:
"Listen up, Israel — you're about to face your enemies. Don't let your heart faint. Don't fear, don't panic, don't dread them. The Lord your God is the one going with you. He's fighting FOR you. He's giving you the W."
This is a massive deal. The pre-battle speech wasn't from a general hyping up the troops — it was from a priest reminding them that God is the one winning this fight. Their confidence wasn't supposed to come from their own strength. It came from whose side they were on. 💯
Here's where it gets unexpectedly real. After the speech, the officers would go through the crowd and start sending people home. Not as — as protection.
"Has anyone here built a new house but hasn't dedicated it yet? Go home. We don't want you to die in battle and some other guy moves into your house."
"Has anyone planted a vineyard but hasn't gotten to enjoy the fruit yet? Go home. You shouldn't lose your life before you get to enjoy what you built."
"Has anyone gotten engaged but hasn't married her yet? Go home. Don't risk dying and another man taking your bride."
And then one more — this one hits different:
"Is anyone here scared? Genuinely terrified and fainthearted? Go home too. Because your fear will spread to everyone else and make their hearts melt like yours."
After all the exemptions were sorted, commanders were appointed over whoever was left. The takeaway here is wild — God didn't need a massive army. He'd rather have a smaller force of committed, all-in soldiers than a huge crowd full of people whose hearts weren't in it. Quality over quantity. No cap.
Now lays out the rules of engagement for cities that are far from the — nations that aren't part of the specific groups God marked for .
"When you approach a city to fight it, offer peace first. If they accept and open their gates, the people become your workers and serve you. But if they refuse peace and choose war — then you besiege it."
"When the Lord gives you victory, put the men to the sword. But the women, children, livestock, and everything else in the city — that's yours. You keep the spoil of your enemies, which the Lord your God has given you."
This is hard to read with modern eyes, and it should be. War in the ancient Near East was brutal across every culture. But even here, God built in a system: was offered first. The city chose whether to accept or fight. And non-combatants — women, children — were spared. In a world where total annihilation was standard practice, these rules were actually restraint.
This section is one of the heaviest in all of . The rules above applied to distant cities. But for the nations living in the land God was giving as an — the rules were completely different.
"In the cities of these peoples — the Promised Land nations — you shall save alive nothing that breathes. You must devote them to complete destruction: the Hittites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites."
The reason God gives is sobering:
"So that they don't teach you to follow their abominable practices — the things they've done for their gods — and cause you to Sin against the Lord your God."
There's no way to make this passage light. This is divine judgment executed through human hands, and it's meant to be weighed seriously. God wasn't being random or cruel — these nations had centuries of practices that were genuinely horrific (child , ritual abuse, deep ). The concern wasn't ethnic — it was spiritual. God knew that if Israel coexisted with these practices, they'd absorb them. And history proved Him right — every time Israel compromised, they fell into exactly what God warned about.
This doesn't make the passage easy. But it does provide the context: this was surgical judgment on specific nations at a specific time, not a general command for all people everywhere.
After all those heavy war laws, this last section is surprisingly thoughtful. Even in the middle of a siege, God sets limits on destruction.
"When you besiege a city for a long time, don't destroy its trees by taking an axe to them. You can eat from them, but don't cut them down. Are the trees your enemy? Are they fighting you? No."
"Only the trees you know aren't fruit-bearing — those you can cut down and use to build siege equipment against the city until it falls."
This is lowkey one of the most based rules in the whole . Even during war — even when you're trying to conquer a city — God says don't destroy things that give life unnecessarily. The fruit trees weren't combatants. They'd feed people long after the war was over. God was thinking generationally, not just about the immediate battle.
There's a principle here that goes way beyond ancient warfare: don't let conflict destroy things that are meant to sustain life. Even when you're in the fight of your life, there are things worth protecting. 🌱