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One of two store cities the enslaved Israelites built for Pharaoh — paired with Rameses in Exodus
EgyptHistorically Verified
Most often identified with Tell el-Maskhuta in the Wadi Tumilat. Naville's 1883 excavations uncovered hieroglyphic inscriptions confirming the ancient name Per-Atum — "House of Atum" — matching the Hebrew Pithom.
One of the two store cities the enslaved Israelites built for Pharaoh in the eastern Nile Delta, paired in scripture with Rameses (Exodus 1:11). The text is brief but devastating — "they built store cities for Pharaoh, Pithom and Rameses." These were massive supply depots that supported Egypt's military campaigns into Canaan, and the Israelite slave labor that built them is the launching point of the Exodus narrative.
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