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An early heresy that taught secret knowledge saves and that the material world is evil — Christianity rejected it categorically
Gnosticism was a family of beliefs in the second and third centuries that mixed Christian language with Platonic dualism. The body, sex, and creation were seen as evil; salvation came from possessing secret spiritual knowledge (Greek: gnosis). The early creeds and the canon were largely shaped to refute it. The Gospel of John, 1 John, and Colossians already push back against proto-gnostic ideas.